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Topic

Fine-tuning and training

Fine-tuning, distillation and preference training. What changes inside a model when you teach it more.

3 daily entries · 4 concepts

Kitchen table

You can teach a robot new tricks. Sometimes it forgets old ones along the way. These pages are about teaching without forgetting.

Whiteboard

Fine-tuning moves weights you cannot fully see. Adapters, distillation and RLHF each change the model in a different way. These entries show what shifts and what breaks.

Boardroom

Training your own model is a choice with lasting costs. It can lift quality or quietly break what worked. These pages show when it pays.

Start with the concepts

  • Fine-tuning & Adapters LoRA and the PEFT family: small trainable deltas over frozen weights, so you tune millions of parameters instead of billions and swap adapters per…

  • RLHF & Preference Train a reward model on pairwise human preferences, then optimise the policy against it – PPO classically, the DPO family when you would rather skip…

  • Gradient Descent Differentiate the loss with respect to every parameter, then step against the gradient.

  • Neural Networks Layers of weighted sums pushed through non-linearities.

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